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ADRIANA PANAITE, FLORICA (BOHÎLȚEA) MIHUȚ, Argumentum
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9
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MIHAI BĂRBULESCU, Alexandru Barnea, tel que je l’ai connu
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11
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VLAD NISTOR, Memories about Alexandru Avram
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19
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INGA GŁUSZEK, The Athenian black gloss pottery from Histria. Some remarks about the technology of production and technique of decoration
The article aims to present the characteristics of the Athenian black‑gloss pottery assemblage from Histria, which is the subject of the author’s studies. At the current stage of research, the technological process of Athenian pottery production is well known, which makes it possible to explain specific physical characteristics of these ceramic vessels, analysed macroscopically, on the basis of our knowledge of pottery production in Athenian workshops. The article presents selected physical features observed in examples of dishes from Histria in the light of knowledge about the technology of the production of pottery and the results, e.g. in the colour, quality and consistency of gloss, which were obtained by the production methods applied. The decoration of dishes was also analysed, indicating different methods and technical solutions that were used in the case of the Athenian pottery from Histria. Secondary macroscopic analyses (i.e., relying on the detailed drawing and photo documentation prepared by the author at various times) allow for comparative studies between the pottery from Histria and the Nikonion black‑gloss pottery finds, which were the subject of a project implemented in 2016‑2019.
Keywords: black‑gloss pottery, Histria, Nikonion, pottery production, stamped decoration
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33
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ALINA IANCU, LIVIU MIHAIL IANCU, The first lead spindle whorl reported from Istros
A small lead truncated biconical object with a central hole, discovered in 2021 in the Roman‑period necropolis on the Plateau of Istros, but most likely originating from a Classical layer from below, is published in this paper as the first ever reported lead spindle whorl from this West Pontic Greek city. Given the abundance of similar artefacts from the Greek cities on the north‑western coast of the Black Sea and some other pieces of evidence, it is hypothesized that such objects were produced in large numbers in Istros, too, and that probably only mischance and the lack of interest towards this type of finds prevented the recovery and the publication of more lead whorls from this site. This first lead spindle whorl from Istros is a supplementary proof of the substantial similarities in the material culture of the ancient Greek cities on the western and north‑western shores of the Black Sea before the Roman conquest.
Keywords: Classical period, Istros, lead, metallurgy, spinning, spindle whorl, textile tools
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63
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RADU GABRIEL PETRE, Haute cuisine in ancient Athens. An investigation into the dining habits of a Classical city
The aim of this paper is to explore the dining habits of ancient Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BC, through the concept of haute cuisine. Using Jack Goody’s (1982) prerequisites necessary for an elevated form of cooking to appear in a society, the author is investigating literary and archaeological sources. The literary sources hint to a change in food attitudes in the 4th century BC. For instance, the character of the cook appears in comedies, and the first texts that might be called cookbooks are written. In the archaeological material, when elite and non‑elite contexts from Archaic, Classical and Early Hellenistic periods are quantified, an increase in the number of table vessels is noticeable around the same time. In the kitchen, new shapes appear (e.g. fish‑plates) and new cooking techniques (e.g. frying). Furthermore, Athens – a trade centre – receives foreign influences and ingredients (e.g. wines, spices). The author concludes that, according to Goody’s ideas, haute cuisine was, to a certain degree, present in 4th century BC Athens. The author also suggests that the spark for such a transformation may have originated in Athenian taverns, probably run by non‑locals. The further culinary developments of later Hellenistic and Roman times have their roots in the 4th century BC Athenian changing dining habits.
Keywords: : haute cuisine, ancient cooking habits, pottery, imported ingredients, ancient Athens
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77
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DRAGOȘ HĂLMAGI, Theoroi and theorodokoi in Istros and Samothrake: a new reading of SEG 51, 936
A Hellenistic inscription from Istros, SEG 51, 936, hitherto partially understood, is shown to contain two decrees honouring two men from Samothrace for hosting a delegation of Istrian theoroi sent to the island to take part in the annual festival.
Keywords: theoroi, proxenoi, Istros, Samothrace, honorific decrees
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99
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LUCREZIA UNGARO, Immagine e potere dell’impero attraverso il programma figurativo: novità e continuità nel Foro di Traiano
The study starts from the identity themes of the constructive and figurative public programmes of the Imperial Forums: memory, lineage, continuity, the colossal nature of the buildings, and the signification of representations, briefly examining the Forum of Augustus, Templum Pacis and the Forum of Nerva, a path introducing to the extensive analysis of Trajan’s Forum, where the square, the three‑segmented aula, the porticoes and Basilica Ulpia are new and expanded spaces destined to crowded legal activities. Now the public monumental figurative program includes representations of Dacians and other populations. Following a new examination of a great number of fragments of these sculptures and the application of the scalar comparison system, conceived with Valeria Di Cola, the author presents the subdivision in three series of the sculptures examined so far from those gathered in public and private collections and those kept in the area of the Forum. The author draws attention on the reconstructed heights, on the attested marbles, white and coloured (pavonazzetto, porphyry and bigio morato), the provenance of historical collections, identification of the populations represented not only to celebrate the victory, but also for their inclusion into the universal Roman Empire, in a sort of porticus nationum. The transcription of Antonio de Romanis’ notebooks brings above all into question the attribution of some architectural constructive elements of the Basilica Ulpia, while the examination of the graphic archive of the German Archaeological Institute has revealed a very suggestive proposal by Heinrich Bauer, whose reconstruction of the central nave of the Basilica – the central place of the administration of justice – is based on the mighty statues of Dacians used in an intermediate order. A quick excursus connects the Dacians statues on the Constantine Arch with the “famous” pairs of Barbarians and Prisoners, especially in coloured marble, porphyry and bigio morato: these polychrome statues are attested in the collections of the Museum of Imperial Forums by a few dozen fragments, still in study. The examination of the heads scattered in various European museums, a work in progress, is also anticipated: pileati, divided into two subgroups, capillati, Germans and other populations. Finally, the two Trajan’s main monuments, the Column in Rome, and the other one on the edge of the Empire, Tropaeum Traiani in Adamclisi (Romania), are mentioned for their meaning in the two different contexts.
Keywords: Antonio de Romanis, Heinrich Bauer, polychrome marbles, Dacians, Germans, bodies, heads, porticus nationum
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107
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CRISTINA-GEORGETA ALEXANDRESCU, Contribution on the Mithras/Sol iconography: the depiction of Mithras with rayed crown
The fragment of a large Mithraic relief MNA L 463, without known provenance, features the tauroctony scene, with the peculiarity that Mithras wears a rayed crown. The few existing analogies are discussed, while also taking into consideration the possible source of this iconographic detail, most probably tributary to an oriental tradition, reinvented in Rome, during the 3rd century, and revived in the 4th century, with the re‑establishment of the official importance of the cult of Sol by the Roman emperors.
Keywords: Mithras, Sol, iconography, rayed crown
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163
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ANDRZEJ B. BIERNACKI, ELENA KLENINA, Organodetritic limestone from the quarries in Hotnica in architectural details from Novae (Moesia Inferior)
For the first time this paper presents the data on quarrying activity related to the development of the Roman military camp and Early‑Byzantine city of Novae. The study analyses new information about the quarries in Moesia Inferior and the production of the elements from the local organodetritic limestone. The discussed high‑quality organodetritic limestone came from quarries between the present villages of Hotnica and Samovodene (province of Veliko Tărnovo). From the second quarter of the 2nd century AD onward, at least two quarries operated there, in Kornica and Mogilite. A third one, which supplied Nicopolis ad Istrum, was at Sevlievo, near the present village of Kamenec. After a field walk research, the present authors believe that the most possible and feasible route of transportation of architectural elements and details to Novae was the eastern one, through the rivers of Rosica, Jantra and Danube. The total distance to be covered by riverboats from Nicopolis ad Istrum to Novae would amount to 113 km; the distance on water route from Hotnica to Rosica (near Nicopolis ad Istrum) is approximately 12 km. An unsettled issue concerns the location of stonecutters’ workshops. No satisfactory evidence of the operation of stonecutters’ workshops in Novae, Iatrus, or Nicopolis ad Istrum (buildings, tools, intermediate products, or waste products) is available.
Keywords: Novae, quarry, economy, Hotnica, organodetritic limestone
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181
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RADU ARDEVAN, MIHAI MUNTEANU, Deux fragments de diplômes militaires romains
Two fragments of Roman military diplomas are studied in this article. Both have unknown places of discovery and are in a private collection in Romania. The first fragment belongs to an imperial constitution of 177‑178 AD for Lower Moesia, and it seems to come from Dobrudja. The second one can be precisely dated to the year AD 87, but we cannot specify for which province; it could have been found somewhere in the surroundings of pre‑Roman Sarmizegetusa.
Keywords: military diploma, Lower Moesia, Marcomannic wars, L. Neratius Priscus, C. Cilnius Proculus, adnepos, ala I Gallorum Atectorigiana, cohors I Claudia Sugambr(or)um, cohors II Chalcidenorum, ala I Flavia Gaetulorum
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201
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ADRIAN IONIȚĂ, FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU, Badge of rank: the miniature spearhead baldric fastener discovered at Feldioara/Marienburg
The authors publish a baldric fastener in the shape of a so‑called beneficiarius miniature spearhead, discovered during the archaeological excavations conducted within the Feldioara/ Marienburg medieval fortress. For a better understanding of the archaeological context and the dating of the piece in the first half of the 3rd century AD, the Roman finds from Feldioara are briefly reviewed with special emphasis on the coins. The spears with this characteristic head functioned as a symbol of the Roman authority and were carried by various type of soldiers from the officium of the governor: beneficiarii consularis or procuratoris, frumentarii and speculatores. Although the Roman discoveries from that area speak for a possible rural frontier settlement, the very presence of this miniature spearhead, which functioned also as badge of rank, proves that the area was under the surveillance of the Roman army through these officiales, most likely the beneficiarii procuratoris or beneficiarii consularis.
Keywords: Roman Dacia, Feldioara/Marienburg, Roman military equipment, baldric fastener, miniature spearhead
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213
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CIPRIAN CREȚU, ANDREI DORIAN SOFICARU, An Early Byzantine privileged burial from Histria. (Re)discoverig grave 58 from the Basilica Extra Muros sector
The paper aims at rediscussing grave no. 58 discovered in 1964 in the Basilica extra muros sector at Histria during the excavations coordinated by Nubar Hamparțumian. The grave containing golden items from a footwear set together with remains of golden threads from a dress embroidery was placed near the apse of the basilica, something that makes the authors believe it was a privileged burial. The mortuary assemblage is discussed in relation to both the local context (the Histria cemetery) and a wider regional framework taking into account relevant cases encountered in the Lower Danube region and beyond. The anthropological analysis is published here for the first time. New perspectives and interpretations are proposed in an attempt to further the understanding of grave 58 more than half a century after Nubar Hamparţumian published his findings
Keywords: Scythia, Early Byzantine, mortuary archaeology, privileged burial, anthropological analysis
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227
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COMPTES RENDUS
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Gerrie Van Rooijen, Goddesses of Akragas. A Study of Terracotta Votive Figurines from Sicily, Sidestone Press, Leiden, 2021, 383 p, 202+32 fig., ISBN 978-90-8890-900-9 (Florina Panait-Bîrzescu)
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247
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Chiara Tarditi, Rita Sassu, Offerte in metallo nei santuari greci. Doni votivi, rituali, smaltimento, Atti del seminario internazionale online 29 ottobre 2020, THIASOS. Rivista di archeologia e architettura antica 10, 2, Supplementum V, Roma, Edizioni Quasar, 2021, 68 p., ISSN 2279-7297 (Liviu Mihail Iancu)
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250
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Abréviations
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253
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